The Seven Classical Tools of Quality is a designation given to a fixed set of graphical techniques identified as being most helpful in troubleshooting issues related to quality. They are called basic because they are suitable for people with little formal training in statistics and because they can be used to solve the vast majority of quality-related issues. The designation arose in postwar Japan, inspired by the seven famous weapons of Benkei. It was possibly introduced by Kaoru Ishikawa who in turn was influenced by a series of lectures W. Edwards Deming had given to Japanese engineers and scientists in 1950. At that time, companies that had set about training their workforces in statistical quality control found that the complexity of the subject intimidated most of their workers and scaled back training to focus primarily on simpler methods which suffice for most quality-related issues.
The Seven Classical Tools of Quality is as follows:
1.CONTROL CHART: The Quality Control Chart shows a process over a specific period of time and identifies trends, shift and patterns.
2.PARETO CHART(80:20 rule): Pareto charts rate issues according to importance and frequency by prioritizing specific problems or cause in a manner that facilitates problem-solving.
3.FLOWCHARTS: A flowchart is a type of diagram that represents an algorithm, workflow or process, showing the steps as boxes of various kinds, and their order by connecting them with arrows. This diagrammatic representation illustrates a solution model to a given problem. Flowcharts are used in analyzing, designing, documenting or managing a process or program in various field.
4.CHECK SHEET / CHECKLISTS (TALLY SHEET): The check is a simple document that is used for collecting data in real-time and at the location where the data is generated. The item to be performed for a tasked are listed in a checklist to indicate as complete when each is accomplished.
5.SCATTER DIAGRAM: Scatter diagrams illustrate positive and negative directions of relationship and to discover cause and effect relationships, as well as bonds and correlation, between two variables.
6.HISTOGRAM: A histogram is a graphic summary of variation in a set of data that can be analyzed in order to make decisions regarding them.
7.FISHBONE DIAGRAM(Cause & effect diagram): Ishikawa illustrates multiple levels of potential causes(inputs) and ultimate effects(outputs) of problems or issues that may arise in the course of business.
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